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System Visualizations

Use these diagrams as starting points. Learners should copy the shape, then modify the labels for their own system. A useful diagram names components, boundaries, state, failure points, and evidence.

user action to durable state

UserSubmits a ticket form.
BrowserValidates fields and sends JSON.
APIAuthenticates, parses, and validates.
ServiceApplies business rules.
DatabaseStores ticket and audit event.
UI StateShows success or useful error.

typical product system

FrontendForms, navigation, display state, optimistic UI.
Backend APITrusted boundary for auth, validation, orchestration.
Business ServiceRules, permissions, workflows.
DatabaseDurable facts and queryable history.
Queue + WorkerSlow work, retries, background jobs.
External APIPayments, email, models, third-party systems.
CacheFast temporary reads, invalidation risk.
ObservabilityLogs, metrics, traces, alerts.

object state over time

DraftUser can still edit.
SubmittedSystem has accepted the request.
In ReviewHuman or automated check is pending.
ApprovedWork can proceed.
CompletedOutcome and audit trail exist.
Rejected usually returns to DraftEvery transition needs permissionEvery transition should be auditable

where bugs enter the system

Frontend stateBad validation, stale screen data, double submit.
HTTP boundaryWrong method, missing auth, wrong URL, timeout.
API boundaryWeak parsing, wrong status code, missing error body.
Business logicWrong rule, race condition, missing permission check.
DatabaseConstraint violation, migration mismatch, slow query.
Response pathWrong shape, hidden failure, misleading success state.

what the system remembers

InputRaw request from user or integration.
ValidateType, shape, permission, business rule.
PersistStore the durable fact and owner.
DeriveCalculate views, status, metrics.
ExposeReturn contract-safe response.
AuditRecord who changed what and why.

human-owned lifecycle with agent acceleration

ProblemClarify user workflow and success metric.
DesignMap components, data, risks, rollback.
Agent taskDelegate a bounded slice with context.
BuildImplement the smallest useful change.
VerifyRun tests and inspect runtime behavior.
ReviewHuman checks diff, claims, and assumptions.
DeployRelease with rollback and observability.
LearnUpdate docs, next task, and evidence.

release path

BuildPackage source into a versioned artifact.
ConfigureInject environment, secrets, feature flags.
DeployRoll out to a small blast radius first.
Smoke testCheck the real user path and health.
ObserveWatch logs, metrics, traces, tickets.
RollbackReturn to the previous known-good version.

evidence during incidents

LogsSpecific events.
  • request id
  • user id
  • error reason
MetricsSystem trends.
  • latency
  • error rate
  • queue depth
TracesOne request path.
  • frontend
  • API
  • database

do not accept agent output without proof

ContextGive files, goal, constraints, expected output.
TaskMake the agent do one bounded job.
ReviewCheck diff, assumptions, invented APIs.
VerifyRun tests, build, browser/API checks.
IntegrateAccept, revise, or reject with notes.

For every feature, create at least three diagrams:

  • Component map.
  • Request or data flow.
  • Failure boundary map.

For every release, add:

  • Deployment and rollback path.
  • Observability evidence.
  • Agent verification loop if an agent touched the work.